Hair is one of the rarest types of human tissue to survive in the archaeological record. Composed primarily of keratin, it normally decomposes rapidly and is only preserved under exceptional environmental conditions such as extreme dryness, freezing, waterlogging, mineralisation, or prolonged contact with metals. When preserved, however, hair provides unique insights into the past, offering evidence of diet, health, genetic background, and cultural practices. Because of its sensitivity to environmental change, excavated hair requires careful conservation in stable, low-humidity and low-light conditions.
This year’s field school in the 18th-century crypt of San Fiorano has been truly remarkable. In just seven days, our team documented and recovered 61 individuals, 419 artefacts, and 384 samples. The specific microenvironment of the crypt has enabled the preservation of tissues that are exceptionally rare in archaeological contexts, including fingernails, hair, pubic hair, and even fragments of brain tissue. These findings not only expand our understanding of post-mortem preservation but also open new avenues for bioarchaeological research on past lifeways, health, and mortuary practices.
We extend our sincere gratitude to all participants of the field school for their outstanding dedication and hard work. Our deepest thanks also go to the municipality of San Fiorano for their invaluable support and to the association Il Quadriportico, whose collaboration has been fundamental to the success of this project.
